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4.0 ★★★★★
Based on 1746 reviews
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★★★★★ 5
Book
Format: Paperback
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Reviewed in the United States on April 27, 2026
★★★★★ 5
[book review] Silent Spring
Format: Paperback
Author of Silent Spring Rachel Carson points out in Chapter 14 that cancer was increasing not only in the general public but also in youth: “The monthly report of the Office of Vital Statistics for July 1959 states that malignant growths, including those of the lymphatic and blood-forming tissues, accounted for 15 percent of the deaths in 1958 compared with only 4 percent in 1900. Judging by the present incidence of the disease, the American Cancer Society estimates that 45,000,000 Americans now living will eventually develop cancer. This means that malignant disease will strike two out of three families (221)”. “Today, more American school children die of cancer than from any other disease. So serious has this situation become that Boston has established the first hospital in the United States devoted exclusively to the treatment of children with cancer. Twelve percent of all deaths in children between the ages of one and fourteen are caused by cancer” (221). Why there were trends of increasing cancer? To answer the question, this paper delves into the 3 causes of cancers mentioned in this chapter - radiation, chemicals, and lack of oxygen for cells. Furthermore, it explores additional important questions it makes us ask.
Cancer can be caused by natural sources such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun, radiation from certain rocks, and other similar sources. While Carson admits they are still a factor in producing malignancy, she argues that since these sources have existed for longer than life on Earth and only those who are resistant to them have survived over time, modern-day organisms must have adapted to living with them. In other words, there are likely other reasons for increasing cancer rates besides natural sources. Carson believed that it was especially due to the widespread use of man-made carcinogens in pesticides and insecticides. Compared to natural cancer-causing materials, man-made carcinogens were brand new forms of chemicals that had never existed in the natural environment before, so human beings’ slow biological evolution has not adapted to them yet. Carson not only suggested this logical process but also shared some real-life examples of how humans started to realize that man-made materials can cause cancer. Some of them were due to a lack of knowledge about carcinogens and were somehow inevitable because it was occupational exposure. For instance, in 1775, Sir Percivall Pott declared that scrotal cancer, which was so common among chimney sweeps, must be caused by the soot that accumulated on their bodies. “In the early 1920’s women who painted luminous figures on watch dials swallowed minute amounts of radium by touching the brushes to their lips; in some of these women bone cancers developed after a lapse of 15 or more years. A period of 15 to 30 years or even more has been demonstrated for some cancers caused by occupational exposures to chemical carcinogens” (226). At least these occupational carcinogen exposures were limited to relatively small populations. However, DDT which has produced suspicious liver tumors on animal subjects during laboratory tests and was given the definite rating of a chemical carcinogen by Dr. Huper of the National Cancer Institute, and other insecticides were widely used. Not only the direct exposure to those chemicals are problem but also they don't simply disappear after they're used. They keep following up the food chain, ending up in humans and potentially causing cancer.
How do some chemicals cause cancer? German biochemist, Professor Otto Warburg has proposed a persuasive theory. He believes that these chemicals or radiation agents destroy the respiration of normal cells, depriving them of energy. This theory was confirmed in 1953 when other researchers were able to turn normal cells into cancer cells by depriving them of oxygen intermittently over long periods. The impact of these chemicals is not limited to existing organisms; they can also affect unborn babies. This is because babies have rapid cell divisions, making them more vulnerable to the effects of cancer-producing agents that penetrate the placenta and act on the rapidly developing fetal tissues. Dr. W. C. Hueper of the National Cancer Institute has suggested that congenital cancers and cancers in infants may be related to the action of cancer-producing agents to which the mother was exposed during pregnancy. The long latent period of most cancers is the time required for the infinite number of cell divisions during which fermentation gradually increases after the initial damage to respiration. However, since babies are in the process of rapid cell division, they may develop cancer faster when exposed to carcinogens compared to adults.
How do we end up surrounded by chemicals that potentially cause cancers to not only living humans but even further unborn babies? Carson wrote - “The chemical agents of cancer have become entrenched in our world in two ways: first, and ironically, through man’s search for a better and easier way of life; second, because the manufacture and sale of such chemicals has become an accepted part of our economy and our way of life” (242). But we can’t just stop developing chemicals to pursue better and easier lives or change our lives back to primitive levels because unsatisfactory is human nature. Then what’s the practical solution? I’ll say regulators with expertise. Just like we are not using toxic chemicals that were used in the past thanks to regulations, regulations should keep monitoring such potential dangers. Therefore regulators must be experts. But this approach isn’t perfect. Moving legislation to phase out the use of such carcinogenic chemicals has been slow which makes “what the public is asked to accept as “safe” today may turn out tomorrow to be extremely dangerous” (224). It's hard to believe that toxic chemicals like DDT were widely used just a few generations ago. However, it's important to consider that similar practices may be occurring today in the world we live in right now. In Professor Handwerk’s words “Now You See It… Now You Don’t.” and we must keep asking what are the DDTs - something harmful but shocking widely used - nowadays. It’s the important question that Carson made us think further about the cause of the cancer.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 25, 2024
★★★★★ 4
A powerful and influential
Format: Kindle
This is an important and eye-opening read for anyone interested in nature, public health and environmental protection.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 31, 2026
★★★★★ 5
A True Mystery Story
Silent Spring is as relevant today as it was 50 years ago. Our ground, our air, our food and we are bombarded with chemicals, carcinogens, products of all sorts to kill weeds and bugs and are capable of killing us. Rachel Carson, a biologist and talented writer, walks us through a litany of misuse and overuse of chemicals that have never been tested for safety to humans. Laws are on the books requiring this testing to be done, but it is disregarded because they make our grass greener, our bugs keel over dead and a lot of people rich. Carson is known best for revealing the reason that Bald Eagle eggs had such thin shells that they broke well before the required incubation before hatching. The drastic reduction is successful Eagle births was DDT. Because this is our national bird and is supported by activists in and out of government, DDT was banned and the eagles began producing young again. We have not been so lucky. This book is factual in a clear and understandable way, and it informs us of the human actions and choices that put us all at risk. No alarmist language is employed, but facts lead us to conclusions that are concerning. The stunning fact to me is that the book was written fifty years ago, and the same risks to humanity and our future are being taken today when we could find better ways of solving problems, more cautious ways of using chemicals and restricting their use in sensible ways. As I talk to people about the issues raised in this book, they have not heard of Rachel Carson and have heard nothing of the assured negative effects on our own health from the chemicals we expose ourselves to daily. We knew so much back then when Carson wrote this book. Why hasn't more been researched and shared with us, so we can have current knowledge of the facts and risks. It is important that Carson's writing not be buried on a dusty shelf. It is a real mystery story and we are the cast.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 23, 2016
★★★★★ 5
This should’ve been required reading since the ‘70’s.
Format: Hardcover
It takes a strong writer with a very clear view ( back in the early 60’s) to make a very sciency topic into a gripping read. Ms. Carson broke down a complex scientific relationship between chemicals and the welfare of the planet and those of us who live here.. All of us, down to the microbes. This is a very logical explanation of how all living things are dependent on a clean environment, and how profiteering companies have compromised the health of all life on earth in the name of fewer weeds, attractive produce at the market, and ignoring the failures of the chemical approach that disregards integrated pest management.
I promise you that it’s not a boring textbook study.
I was a pest control advisor for many years, and had I known then what I know now I’d have trusted less in what I was trained, looking harder into the collateral damage that was created, and pushed harder, sooner, to stop the use of carbamate, organophosphates, and other “harmless” pesticides and carriers that have destroyed a multitude of environmentally sensitive and important components of a healthy ecosystem that we may not recover from in the name of profit.
Other than that, it’s light reading!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 2, 2022
